1.
When insulin is released blood sugar
level drop..?
Insulin is peptide hormone, and main function
of this hormone is to regulate high sugar level in blood so it’s called glucose
homeostasis. According to given image – when the blood sugar level rise, Pancreatic
(beta) β Cells release insulin hormone which cause conversion of glucose into
glycogen in liver cell, and GLUT 4 transporter present on muscle tissue cells, adipose
tissue, this transporter uptake more glucose from blood and convert into glycogen, so the blood
glucose level drop. GLUT 4 transporters are normally inside the cell in
vesicles, when the insulin come in contact with cell receptor, which present on
cell upper surface, then GLUT 4 transporter containing vesicles are moving
toward cell plasma membrane this process is called endocytosis.
After
the transporter are enabling the cell to diffusion sugar (glucose molecule) into the cell and convert into glycogen by
phosphorylation of glucose into glucose 6 phosphate. When the glucose level
drop, insulin released from cell, so that transporter GLUT-4 packed inside the vesicle
and endocytosis, and not appear on cell surface.
Where does the glucose go ?
Glucose converts into glycogen by
phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate and convert into glycogen in
all the storage cell tissue organs like liver, muscles tissue, adipose tissue, fatty
tissue.
2.
What mechanism that cause this movement ?
Insulin released from pancreatic Pancreatic
(beta) β Cells, and it’s peptide hormone so it’s travels in body through blood stream,
and all the energy glucose storages organs have receptor for insulin, after
binding of insulin with receptor, transporter GLUT-4 translocation from plasma membrane
to cell surface by endocytosis.
Mechanism in cell, how the cell signaling
pathway help in cell to regulate blood sugar level.
Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of insulin
receptor enabling cell signaling cascade and secondary messenger PIP2 convert
into IP3 and DAG, this IP3 secondarily messenger
phosphorylation of MAP-Kinase pathway, and it’s leads to regulate transcription
factors for GLUT-4 transporter, insulin receptors and signaling cascades.
And also IP3 messenger activate AKT in cytoplasm,
phosphorylation of glycogen synthase enzyme by the GSK-3 (glycogen synthase
kinase 3) so inactivate GSK-3 by the AKT, which promote the storage of sugar (glucose)
as a glycogen. And regulate blood glucose level by up taking of more glucose
from the blood and storage as a glycogen.
